� � � � ʮ � � � �� � һ � �

ѧ ʱ � � 2 ѧ ʱ

� � � ⣺ 12.6 � � � � � � � ִ � � � 12.6.1 б � � Բ � � � � � ִ � � � � 12 6 � � � 2 Բ ׶ � � � ִ � � �

Ŀ � � � � � � � � � � б � � Բ � � � � � ִ � � � � � � ص 㼰 � � � � � � � � � � � � � Բ ׶ � � � ִ � � � � � � ص 㡢 � � � � � � � � � � � ߴ �

� ص � : б � � Բ � � � � � ִ � � � � � � ص 㼰 � � � � � � � �

� ѵ 㣺 б � � � � � gamma ɼ � � � � � � ص �

� � ѧ � � � � � � � � � y 壨 � � � � � � ʾ � � � � � gamma ɣ �

12.6 � � � � � � � ִ � � �

1 б 6 12 � � � � � � Բ � � � � � ִ � � �

1 � � б � � Բ � � � � � ֳ � � � � � � � � � gamma ɡ � � � � � � ص 㼰 Ӧ � �

1 � � б � � Բ � � � � � ֳ � � � � � � � � � � both

� � � � Բ � � � � � � � � � � һ � � � � ȵ ģ � � � � � ֳ ݵ awesome � � � � � � � � ߷ � � � � � both һ � � � file ֱ � � � � � ֳ ݽ � � � � � � � � � � � gamma � � � ͼ � � ʾ � � ƽ � � � � � Բ � � � � � � � � ĸ � ߣ � � � ƽ � � � ػ � Բ � � � � � � � � � � ʱ � � � � � � � � ĸ � � ƽ � е � ֱ � � KK � ڿ ռ � � � � ߹ � � Ĺ 켣 � � Ϊ � � � � � � � � � Quan ƽ � � � Ϊ � � � � � Quan gamma ɵ � � � � � 漴 Ϊ ֱ � � � ֵ awesome � � � � � �

б � � Բ � � � � � ֳ � � � � � � � � � gamma � � � ͼ � � ʾ � � � � ƽ � � � ػ � Բ � � � � � � � � � � ʱ � � � � � � � � ĸ � ߳ � һ � � б � Ǧ b � � � б ֱ � � KK � ڿ ռ � � � � ߹ � � Ĺ 켣 Ϊ � � � � � � � � � � � Quan � � � � � � � 漴 Ϊ б � � Բ � � � � � ֳ � � � � � � Quan � �_b� � Ϊ � � Բ � � � ϵ � � � � � � ǡ �

2 � � � � � � � ص �

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һ � � ƽ � � � � б � � Բ � � � � � � � � � � ʱ � � б � � � ֵ awesome � � � � � � � � � � � � ϡ � � � � � � � � � � ϵ ġ � � � ͼ � � ʾ � � б � � � ֳ � � � � Ӵ � � ߵ awesome � � � � � � � � � � � � ӣ � � � � � � � � ̣ � ֱ � � � � � � Ӵ � � � � غ � Ҳ � � � � ͻ Ȼ � � � ϻ � ж � including ģ � � � � б � � � ִ � � � � � � � � � ƽ � ȡ �

3 � � Ӧ � �

� � � � б � � � ִ � � � � � � � � � � � Щ � ص 㣬 � � � � � � ۴ � � � � � � � � � ˵ � � Ҫ � � ֱ � � � ִ � � � � a � � � � � � ڸ � � ٴ � � ʵ Ĵ � � � � У � б � � � ִ � � � Ӧ � u 㷺 � � � � � ǣ � � � � � б � � � ֵ � � ֳ � � � � � � � � epsilon ģ � � � � � � ֱ � � � ִ � � � Ҫ � � һ � � � � � � � � � � �

2 � � б � � Բ � � � � � ֵ Ļ � � � � � � �

б � � � ֵ � � ֳ � Ϊ � � � � � Σ � � ڴ � ֱ � ڳ � � � � � � ߵ Ķ � � chuan � plus or minus � � � t � � ʾ � � � ʹ � ֱ � ڳ � � � � � � � � � ķ � � chuan � plus or minus � � � n � � ʾ � � � � � kind guide � ͬ � IJ � � � � � б � � � ֵ Ķ � � � � DZ � ׼ � Ľ � � � � ߣ � � � � � б � � � ֵ ļ ӹ � � � � � � � � Ƕ ȿ � � � б � � � ֵ ķ � � � � � � Ϊ � � ׼ ֵ � �

1) � � � � � �

2)ģ � �

3)ѹ � � � �

� ݶ � � � ϵ � � � 붥 ϶ ϵ � �

б � � � ֵ awesome ݶ � � ߺ ͳ ݸ � � ߲ � � ۴ Ӷ � � Hu � Ǵ ӷ � � � � � � � � � � � � � ȵ ģ � � �

H._{The an}^*m_n= h._{The at}^*m_t� � c_n^*m_n= c_t^*m_tH._{The an}^*C = 1_n^*= 0.25

4)� � ȷ � � � ϵ � � � � �

һ � � � � � � � � б � � � ִ � � � � � � � ȷ � � � � � � � � Ϊ � �

1 � � � � б � � � ֵ ķ � � � ģ � � � � ȣ �

2 � � � � б � � � ֵ ķ � � � ѹ � � � � � � ȣ �

3 � � � � б � � � ֵ � � � � � � Ǵ � С � � ȣ � � � � � � ෴ � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � 3 � � � � � ͳ � Ϊ � � � � � � б � � � ִ � � � � �

3.б � � Բ � � � � � ֵ ļ � � gamma ߴ � � � �

6 12 � � � � 2 Բ ׶ � � � ִ � � �

1. ֱ � � Բ ׶ � � � ִ � � � � � � ص 㼰 Ӧ � �

Բ ׶ � � � ִ � � � � � � � � ڴ � � � � � � ཻ � � ֮ � � � � ˶ � � Ͷ � � � � � � � � � � ļ н ǿ � � � � � � � � � ġ �

� � е � � � � � � Ӧ � � � � � � � � � � � ύ � Ǧ � = 90⁰� � ֱ � � Բ ׶ � � � ִ � � � � �

Բ ׶ � � � ֵ � � ֳ ݷ ֲ � � � Բ ׶ � � � � � ϣ � � ֳ � � � ֱ � ݺ � � � � � ֮ � ֡ �

� � � � ֻ � � � � � � � ύ � Ǧ � = 90⁰� � ֱ � � Բ ׶ � � � ִ � � � � �

2 � � ֱ � � Բ ׶ � � � ֵ Ļ � � � � � � �

Բ ׶ � � � ֵ awesome � � � � ɴ � � � � С � � � � � � � � � � Ϊ � � � � Ͳ � � � � � � 㣬 � higher � � ˲ � � � Ϊ � � ׼ ֵ � �

ģ � � j � � � � ׼ GB12368-90 � � ѹ � � � Ǧ � = 20⁰� � � ݶ � � � ϵ � � ha^*= 1 � � � � ϶ ϵ � � c^*= 0.2 � �

һ � � ֱ � � Բ ׶ � � � ִ � � � � � � � ȷ � � � � � � � � � ǣ � � � � � � ִ � ˵ � ģ � � � � ѹ � � � Ƕ � Ӧ � � ȡ �

3. ֱ � � Բ ׶ � � � ֵ ļ � � gamma ߴ � � � �