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ѧ ʱ � � 2 ѧ ʱ

� � � ⣺ � ھ � � � ƽ � � � � � ˻ � � � ƽ 9.1 � � � ĸ ˻ � � � � � � � � �

Ŀ � � � � � � � � � ƽ � � � ĸ ˻ � � � � ĸ � � � � � � �

: � ص � � � � � � ĸ ˻ � � � � � � �

� ѵ 㣺 � � � ˻ � � �

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� � ҵ � � 9-1

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9.1 ƽ � � � ĸ ˻ � � � � � � � � �

ƽ � � � ĸ ˻ � � � � ɷ � Ϊ � � � ࣺ

1. ȫ ת � � � � � � ƽ � � � ĸ ˻ � � � � � � � Ϊ � � � � � ĸ ˻ � � � � �

2. � � � � � ƶ � � � � � ƽ � � � ĸ ˻ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

9.1.1 � � � � � ĸ ˻ � � � � Ļ � � � � � � �

� � � � � ĸ ˻ � � � � Ļ � � � � � � �

� � � � � ж �

� � � � � ĸ ˻ � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � �

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� � 2 � � � � � ܸ ˺ ͻ � � � � б � � � һ � � � � � � ̸ ˡ �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ɵ � � � � �� � � ۣ �

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ȡ � � ̸ � Ϊ � � � � ʱ � � � � ˫ � � � � � � � � � �
ȡ � � � � ̸ � � � Ե ĸ � Ϊ � � � � ʱ � � � � ˫ ҡ � ˻ � � � � �

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1. � � � � ҡ � ˻ � � �

� � � �

� � � � ǰ � � � � � � � �

� � � � �

� � � һ �

� � � �

2. ˫ � � � � � � � �

� � � � � ܸ ˾ � Ϊ � � � � � � � ĸ ˻ � � � � � Ϊ ˫ � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � ɸ

� � � ⣺ ƽ � � ˫ � � � � � � � � � � ƽ � � � ı � � lambda � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � ƽ � � � ı � � lambda � � � � � � is � � � � � � � � � � � � � ջ � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ջ � � �

3. ˫ ҡ � ˻ � � �

� � � � � ܸ ˾ � Ϊ ҡ � ˵ � � ĸ ˻ � � � � � Ϊ ˫ ҡ � ˻ � � � � �

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